تاثیر ناسیونالیسم و استعمار بر اسلامگرایی
دانلود
در این مقاله قصد دارم تاثیر ناسیونالیسم و استعمار را بر اندیشه اسلامی مدرن نشان دهم. مقصود من از اندیشه اسلامی مدرن راه و شیوههایی است که از طریق آن مسلمانان اسلام را بازتفسیر و مفهوم پردازی میکنند. من به گرایش های عمومی تخیل و بازبینی مجدد مسلمانان از اسلام میپردازم که از اواخر قرن ١٩ رواج پیدا کرده است. استدلال من این است که اندیشه اسلامی مدرن دارای چندین ویژگی اساسی است که گواه بر تاثیر مواجه جهان اسلام با استعمار غرب است. برای انجام این کار، بدون محدودکردن بحثم به شخصیت یا مکان خاصی، نمونههای کثیری را مورد بررسی قرار داده و موارد متفاوتی را بررسی میکنم تا نشان دهم که چگونه مسلمانان مدرن عموما گتفمان استعماری را در رابطه با دین، ملت و دولت درونی کردهاند. اندیشه اسلامی مدرن بهطرزی مفرط با اندیشه کنترل قدرت دولت مدرن- که خود ماهیتأ پدیدهای است ناسیونالیستی- درآمیخته است.
ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Umm Al-Qura. Cairo: al-Azhar, 1931.
ʿAbduh, Muhammad. Al-Islam Wa Al-Nasraniyya/ Islam and Christianity Cairo: al-Manar, 1323/1905.
Enayat, Hamid. Seyri Dar Andishay-E Siyasi-Ye Arab, Tehran: Sherkat-e Sohami-ye Kitabha-ye Jibi, 1356.
Açikyildiz, Birgül. The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. London: I. B.
Tauris, 2014.
Makdisi, Ussama. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century
Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2000.
Akçam, Taner. The Young Turks' crime against humanity: The Armenian genocide and ethnic cleansing in the
Ottoman Empire. Vol. 17. Princeton. Princeton University Press, 2013.
Akyol, Taha. Atatürk’ün İhtilal Hukuku/The Revolutionary justice system of Atatürk . İstanbul: Doğan
Kitap, 2012.
Ali, Syed Ameer. The spirit of Islam; a history of the evolution and ideals of Islam with a life of the Prophet.
London: Methuen,1967.
Amin, Ahmad. Duha al-Islam/the Sunrise of Islam , 3 vols, vol. 1. Al-Qahirah: Jam’iya al-Ri’aya al-
Mutakamilah, 2003.
Balibar, Etienne and Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein, Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London
and New York: Verso, 1991.
Barker, W Philip. Religious Nationalism in Modern Europe: If God Be for Us. London and New York:
Routledge, 2009.
Barlow, T. E.full name needed?. Formations of Colonial Modernity in East Asia, 1st edn, Durham, NC:
Duke University Press, 1997.
Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. London; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1995.
Chatterjee, Partha. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Delhi and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Chen, K.-H. “America in East Asia”, New Left Review, no. 12 (2001), pp. 73 – 87.
Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2000.
Devji, Faisal. Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013.
Ewing, Katherine Pratt. Arguing Sainthood: Modernity, Psychoanalysis, and Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2006.
Green, Garrett. Theology, Hermeneutics, and Imagination: The Crisis of Interpretation at the End of Modernity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Haddad, Mahmoud. “Arab Religious Nationalism in the Colonial Era: Rereading Rashīd Riḍā's
Ideas on the Caliphate,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 117(2), 1997.
Ihrig, Stefan. Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination. Boston: Harvard University Press, 2014.
ʿImarah, Muhammad. Abd al-Rahaman al-Kawakibi: The Martyr of Islam and Freedom. Cairo: Dar Al Shuruq, 1988.
ʿImarah, Muhammad. Al-Islam wa al-ʿUruba. Cairo: Dar Al Shuruq, 1988.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Armaghan-e Hijaz 1938. http://www.allamaiqbal.com/.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Rumuz-e Bekhudi Translated by Iqbal Academy Pakistan. Iqbal Academy, 1918.
Iqbal, Muhammad. Stray Reflections. 1961. http://www.allamaiqbal.com/poet/prose/english/stray.pdf. Last visited, 04/15/2021.
Iqbal, Muhammad. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Moscow: Dodo Press, 2009.
Miller, R. Owen. “Sasun 1894: Mountains, Missionaries and Massacres at the End of the Ottoman
Empire,” Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 2015.Moftizadeh, Ahmad. Dar Barayeh Kordestan. Tehran: Nur, 1979.
Qutb, Sayyed. Milestones. 1st ed. Karachi: International Islamic Publishers, 1981.
Qutb, Sayyid. The Islamic Concept and Its Characteristics. Indianapolis IN, USA: American Trust
Publications, 1991.
Ram, H. The immemorial Iranian nation? School textbooks and historical memory in post-
revolutionary Iran. Nation and Nationalism, 6 (1) (2000), 67–90.
Rippin, Andrew, and Jan Knappert. Textual Sources for the Study of Islam. Textual Sources for the Study of Religion. Manchester Greater Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.
Saleh, Alam. Ethnic identity and the state in Iran. New York: Palgrave, 2013.
Sayyid, Bobby. A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism. New York: Zed Books,
Year?.
Shariati, Ali. Bazshenasi hoviyat-e Irani-Islami. Bonyad Farhangi Dr. Ali Shariati.2015
www.shariatihome.com.
Soleimani, Kamal. Islam and Competing Nationalisms in the Middle East, 1876-1926. New York: Palgrave, 2016.
Soleimani K, Osmanzadeh D. “Textualising the ethno-religious sovereign, history, ethnicity and nationalism in the Perso-Islamic textbooks,” Nations and Nationalism. 2021, 1 (18). https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.
Taves, Ann. Religious Experience Reconsidered: A Building Block Approach to the Study of Religion and Other Special Things. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009.
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran,
http://www.roshd.ir/Portals/0/KarAfarini/PDFs/rules/ghanoone_asasy.pdf.
Tibi, Bassam. Islamism and Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
Üngör, Uğur Ümit. The making of modern Turkey: nation and state in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford.
Oxford University Press, 2012. Stefan Arvidsson, Aryan idols: Indo-European mythology as ideology and science . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Maurice Olender, The languages of paradise: race, religion, and philology in the nineteenth century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
Reza Zia-Ebrahimi, The emergence of Iranian nationalism: Race and the politics of dislocation. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.
Sadiq Jalal al- ‘Azm, Naqd al-Fikr al-Dini. Beirut: Dar al-Tali‘a, 1970, 111.
Haggay Ram, The immemorial Iranian nation? School textbooks and historical memory in post-revolutionary Iran. Nation and Nationalism, 6 (1) (2000), 67–90.
Majeed, Javed. Muhammad Iqbal: Islam, Aesthetics and Postcolonialism. New Delhi: Routledge, 2009: 70-71; and Rehman, Mohammad A. 2018. "Nation as a Neo-Idol: Muslim Political Theology and the Critique of Secular Nationalism in Modern South Asia" Religions, 9 (11), 1-20.
Iqbal. “Islam and Nationalism” (1937). http://www.koranselskab.dk/profiler/iqbal/nationalism.htm. Last accessed,
Saiyid Abu Aʿla Maududi. Nasiyonalism-e Islam. 2017, 3. http://www.qalamlib.com/, last visited. 05/29/2021
حق نشر 2021 ژورنال ایران آکادمیا
این پروژه تحت مجوز بین المللی Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 است.